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Metalworking 2026
DOI: 10.22184/2499-9407.2026.44.3.16.17
Problems and Solutions
A. P. Kuznetsov, A. I. Belzetsky
Technological Economics as a Holistic System: Axioms, Laws, Principles DOI: 10.22184/2499-9407.2026.44.3.18.28
The integrity of the technological economy is explored as a phenomenon that retains its own depth and structure within the technological world. The paper traces an ontological line in which essence, the internal order of integrity, technological structure and distinctiveness form a unified framework for the presence of economic reality. On this basis, axioms are introduced that define the lower limits for fulfilling the condition of integrity, laws that demonstrate the modes of their operation, as well as principles of independence, development, interconnection and interdependence, which ensure the coordinated manifestation of expressions of integrity and the logical continuity of the ontological structure. The architecture of integrity reveals the order of the economy’s existence, thanks to which reproduction maintains continuity and takes on a stable form. The technological integrity architecture matrix makes it possible to distinguish between degrees of expression of the laws of integrity, whilst the diagnostic method identifies the parameters of expression retention, technological formalisation and distinctiveness. Using the example of Russia’s technological economy, the study demonstrates how these parameters form indices of economic integrity and an integral integrity index, enabling the identification of areas of stability and vulnerability. The study shows that a holistic approach creates a framework within which the technological economy can be observed without losing depth and becomes amenable to analytical differentiation.
Technological Economics as a Holistic System: Axioms, Laws, Principles DOI: 10.22184/2499-9407.2026.44.3.18.28
The integrity of the technological economy is explored as a phenomenon that retains its own depth and structure within the technological world. The paper traces an ontological line in which essence, the internal order of integrity, technological structure and distinctiveness form a unified framework for the presence of economic reality. On this basis, axioms are introduced that define the lower limits for fulfilling the condition of integrity, laws that demonstrate the modes of their operation, as well as principles of independence, development, interconnection and interdependence, which ensure the coordinated manifestation of expressions of integrity and the logical continuity of the ontological structure. The architecture of integrity reveals the order of the economy’s existence, thanks to which reproduction maintains continuity and takes on a stable form. The technological integrity architecture matrix makes it possible to distinguish between degrees of expression of the laws of integrity, whilst the diagnostic method identifies the parameters of expression retention, technological formalisation and distinctiveness. Using the example of Russia’s technological economy, the study demonstrates how these parameters form indices of economic integrity and an integral integrity index, enabling the identification of areas of stability and vulnerability. The study shows that a holistic approach creates a framework within which the technological economy can be observed without losing depth and becomes amenable to analytical differentiation.
Tags: axiom development diagnostics industrial economics integrity law principle technology аксиома диагностика закон принцип развитие технологическая экономика технология целостность
Materials Machine Tools
A. G. Chentsov, P. A. Chentsov
Routing of tool movements during sheet cutting on CNC machines. Part 2 DOI: 10.22184/2499-9407.2026.44.3.30.41
The first part of the article (see [1]) presents the formulation and algorithm for solving a routing problem involving decomposition. This paper sets out the theoretical framework from which, in particular, the optimality of this algorithm as a tool for constructing a composite solution tailored to the problem of zone cutting on CNC machines follows. We consider here the simplest case, where the entire family of tasks is divided into the sum of two clusters. The tasks themselves are ultimately related to the cutting of part contours, but are always implemented in a discretised scheme, which is done to meet the requirements of computer modelling. Thus, this involves sequentially visiting non-empty finite sets (megacities). The proposed procedure is designed to solve range-based (in terms of dimension) problems. This implies that the dimension of the overall problem is substantial, but each of the sub-problems has a moderate dimension, which allows the use of the broadly understood dynamic programming (DP) framework, as implemented in [2, 3]; This refers to the procedures used in solving the travelling salesman problem (TSP). With regard to research on TSP and TSP type problems, see [4–8]. For general constructions based on DP, see [9, 10]. This study proposes a specific scheme for combining partial (preliminary and final) problems, within the framework of which it is possible to prove the optimality of the algorithm [1, Section 3] as a procedure for finding composite solutions with a speed acceptable for practical applications. This scheme is discussed in this paper; the next (third) part of the article will consider examples of its application. We use the notation and definitions given in [1].
Routing of tool movements during sheet cutting on CNC machines. Part 2 DOI: 10.22184/2499-9407.2026.44.3.30.41
The first part of the article (see [1]) presents the formulation and algorithm for solving a routing problem involving decomposition. This paper sets out the theoretical framework from which, in particular, the optimality of this algorithm as a tool for constructing a composite solution tailored to the problem of zone cutting on CNC machines follows. We consider here the simplest case, where the entire family of tasks is divided into the sum of two clusters. The tasks themselves are ultimately related to the cutting of part contours, but are always implemented in a discretised scheme, which is done to meet the requirements of computer modelling. Thus, this involves sequentially visiting non-empty finite sets (megacities). The proposed procedure is designed to solve range-based (in terms of dimension) problems. This implies that the dimension of the overall problem is substantial, but each of the sub-problems has a moderate dimension, which allows the use of the broadly understood dynamic programming (DP) framework, as implemented in [2, 3]; This refers to the procedures used in solving the travelling salesman problem (TSP). With regard to research on TSP and TSP type problems, see [4–8]. For general constructions based on DP, see [9, 10]. This study proposes a specific scheme for combining partial (preliminary and final) problems, within the framework of which it is possible to prove the optimality of the algorithm [1, Section 3] as a procedure for finding composite solutions with a speed acceptable for practical applications. This scheme is discussed in this paper; the next (third) part of the article will consider examples of its application. We use the notation and definitions given in [1].
Tags: decomposition dynamic programming optimization precedence conditions route декомпозиция динамическое программирование маршрут оптимизация условия предшествования
Materials processing technologies
V. M. Fedin, A. I. Fimkin, S. V. Novikov, K. A. Chernyshev, E. A. Shur, A. V. Ivanov
Materials and Technology for Quenching and Tempering of Elastic Track Superstructure Clamps DOI: 10.22184/2499-9407.2026.44.3.42.51
A production process is proposed for manufacturing elastic terminals from standard grades of steel, hardened by a high-velocity water jet. It is demonstrated that the production cost and the achieved levels of relaxation and fatigue strength ensure greater cost-effectiveness compared with foreign and domestic equivalents. Research has confirmed that intensifying the quenching cooling process increases the structural strength of springs without reducing their ductility. Furthermore, no expensive alloying elements are used in the steels, and technical water is used as the quenching medium, ensuring environmental friendliness.
Materials and Technology for Quenching and Tempering of Elastic Track Superstructure Clamps DOI: 10.22184/2499-9407.2026.44.3.42.51
A production process is proposed for manufacturing elastic terminals from standard grades of steel, hardened by a high-velocity water jet. It is demonstrated that the production cost and the achieved levels of relaxation and fatigue strength ensure greater cost-effectiveness compared with foreign and domestic equivalents. Research has confirmed that intensifying the quenching cooling process increases the structural strength of springs without reducing their ductility. Furthermore, no expensive alloying elements are used in the steels, and technical water is used as the quenching medium, ensuring environmental friendliness.
Tags: elastic clamps for arf and rcrf rail fastenings quenching with a high-velocity water jet relaxation strength and fatigue strength spring steels закалочное охлаждение быстродвижущимся потоком воды пружинные стали релаксационная и усталостная прочность упругие клеммы рельсовых скреплений арс и жбр
O. M. Rosental
Hydrochemical Risks in The Machine Tool Industry and Their Minimisation Based on Catastrophe Theory DOI: 10.22184/2499-9407.2026.44.3.52.57
The paper examines the impact of water quality and hydrochemical factors on the reliability of machine tool equipment. An approach is proposed for minimising hydrochemical risks using the mathematical framework of Arnold’s catastrophe theory. A mathematical model has been developed to predict critical transitions in the state of the equipment as the parameters of the working fluid change. Three practical examples are presented, including the calculation of the time to catastrophic failure. A step-by-step scheme for preventive risk management is proposed for enterprises in the machine tool industry.
Hydrochemical Risks in The Machine Tool Industry and Their Minimisation Based on Catastrophe Theory DOI: 10.22184/2499-9407.2026.44.3.52.57
The paper examines the impact of water quality and hydrochemical factors on the reliability of machine tool equipment. An approach is proposed for minimising hydrochemical risks using the mathematical framework of Arnold’s catastrophe theory. A mathematical model has been developed to predict critical transitions in the state of the equipment as the parameters of the working fluid change. Three practical examples are presented, including the calculation of the time to catastrophic failure. A step-by-step scheme for preventive risk management is proposed for enterprises in the machine tool industry.
Tags: arnold catastrophe theory bifurcations equipment wear hydrochemical risks machine tools preventive risk management time to failure water turbidity бифуркации время до отказа гидрохимические риски износ оборудования мутность воды превентивное управление рисками станкоинструмент теория катастроф арнольда
I. V. Shishkovsky
Combinatorial Alloy Design Using Laser Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Ten Years On DOI: 10.22184/2499-9407.2026.44.3.58.62
This paper presents a retrospective analysis of the evolution of rapid alloy prototyping (RAP) methodology over the past decade. It demonstrates how the combination of laser additive technologies (ATs) and combinatorial materials science is being transformed by computational methods, machine learning, swarm intelligence and the concept of digital twins. Using examples of high-entropy alloys (HEA) and systems with property gradients (Fe–Cu, Ti–Al, Ni–Al), new possibilities for accelerated materials design are discussed in the light of NASA’s strategic document (2026). Particular attention is paid to the transition from a purely experimental materials design approach to the hybrid ‘model–targeted experiment–validation’ paradigm, and to the prospects for integrating the Simulation Maturity Level scale.
Combinatorial Alloy Design Using Laser Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Ten Years On DOI: 10.22184/2499-9407.2026.44.3.58.62
This paper presents a retrospective analysis of the evolution of rapid alloy prototyping (RAP) methodology over the past decade. It demonstrates how the combination of laser additive technologies (ATs) and combinatorial materials science is being transformed by computational methods, machine learning, swarm intelligence and the concept of digital twins. Using examples of high-entropy alloys (HEA) and systems with property gradients (Fe–Cu, Ti–Al, Ni–Al), new possibilities for accelerated materials design are discussed in the light of NASA’s strategic document (2026). Particular attention is paid to the transition from a purely experimental materials design approach to the hybrid ‘model–targeted experiment–validation’ paradigm, and to the prospects for integrating the Simulation Maturity Level scale.
Tags: artificial intelligence combinatorial design computational materials science digital twins functional gradients graph neural networks high-entropy alloys laser additive manufacturing machine learning : rapid alloy prototyping simulation maturity level swarm intelligence swarm-интеллект (роевой интеллект) validation and quantification of uncertainties) vvq approach (verification быстрое прототипирование сплавов валидация и квантификация неопределенностей) ввкн подход (верификация высокоэнтропийные сплавы вычислительное материаловедение графовые нейронные сети искусственный интеллект комбинаторный дизайн лазерное аддитивное производство машинное обучение уровень зрелости моделирования функциональные градиенты цифровые двойники
Yu. P. Rakunov, V. V. Abramov, A. Yu. Rakunov
Modernization of High-Tech Production Facilities by Digital Transformation of Group Technology. Part 2 DOI: 10.22184/2499-9407.2026.44.3.64.70
The paper discusses the methodology for developing a system of multi-level basic group technology, using top-down and bottom-up design of group technological processes (GTP) by the method of "analysis-synthesis" of design and technological information. The use of the synthesis method to solve the problem of sorting through technically possible options for integrated transitions, positions and settings on the control panel with the correct filling of matrix tables by a semi-skilled technologist makes it possible to obtain technological processes that are optimal for modern production of mechanical group processing of precision turned parts of any shape. The advantages of the proposed approach compared to traditional ones are a significant increase in the quality of the developed technology and a sharp reduction in the time required for technological preparation of mass production.
Modernization of High-Tech Production Facilities by Digital Transformation of Group Technology. Part 2 DOI: 10.22184/2499-9407.2026.44.3.64.70
The paper discusses the methodology for developing a system of multi-level basic group technology, using top-down and bottom-up design of group technological processes (GTP) by the method of "analysis-synthesis" of design and technological information. The use of the synthesis method to solve the problem of sorting through technically possible options for integrated transitions, positions and settings on the control panel with the correct filling of matrix tables by a semi-skilled technologist makes it possible to obtain technological processes that are optimal for modern production of mechanical group processing of precision turned parts of any shape. The advantages of the proposed approach compared to traditional ones are a significant increase in the quality of the developed technology and a sharp reduction in the time required for technological preparation of mass production.
Tags: analysis-synthesis method design automation digital transformation digital twin of the enterprise internet of things multi-level basic technology top-down and bottom-up design автоматизация проектирования интернет вещей метод «анализа-синтеза» многоуровневая базовая технология нисходящее и восходящее проектирование система менеджмента и управления качеством цифровая трансформация цифровой двойник предприятия
Tools and Tool Systems
A. I. Sandler
Grinding of the helical front surfaces of the teeth of worm hobs DOI: 10.22184/2499-9407.2026.44.3.72.80
The contact lines between the working surface of the grinding wheel and the helical front surface of the hob teeth are revealed for various adjustments of the grinding process. The method of calculating the profile of the grinding wheel has been clarified and the features of choosing the pitch cylinder and the angle of the wheel axis when sharpening hobs of different module ranges have been determined.
Grinding of the helical front surfaces of the teeth of worm hobs DOI: 10.22184/2499-9407.2026.44.3.72.80
The contact lines between the working surface of the grinding wheel and the helical front surface of the hob teeth are revealed for various adjustments of the grinding process. The method of calculating the profile of the grinding wheel has been clarified and the features of choosing the pitch cylinder and the angle of the wheel axis when sharpening hobs of different module ranges have been determined.
Tags: grinding helical front surfaces of teeth profiling of a grinding wheel worm hob винтовые передние поверхности зубьев профилирование шлифовального круга червячная фреза шлифование
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